The Ethics Imperative in Social Media

October 7, 2008 · Comments

AngryFace I had the pleasure of addressing Steve Quigley’s Public Relations class at Boston University today, and as a bonus, I asked Todd Defren to be part of the conversation as well. Steve Quigley, I have to say, is turning out quite a crop of Boston’s social media up and comers. Between him and Professor Ed Downes, BU seems to be the college to beat in Boston for PR’s next wave of rockstars.

We talked about a lot of things, from the ways in which traditional PR must thread with the new stuff, to the ways in which students will find themselves challenged in the coming months. We talked about the importance of your personal database, and how to better annotate (post coming about this on Mashable shortly).

One question that Steve raised at the very beginning that we didn’t touch on nearly enough, but that floated around in my head after we’d long since departed the campus was this: in modern public relations, there’s a stronger sense of maintaining your personality, your personal views, and a level of ethics that doesn’t square with how things got done in the old days. Sure, there were ethical practitioners in the old days, but there were plenty more people just taxed with getting a result for a client. My thoughts on this couldn’t fit into the remaining minutes. Here, Professor Quigley’s class, are my answers:

Ethics in the World of Social Media and New Marketing

First, my simple measure of what is ethical and what is not, as told to me by a professor in the late 1990s: “If you don’t want to talk about it with your family at the dinner table, and you don’t want to read about it on the front page of the Boston Globe, it’s not ethical.” Seems easy to me. (Essentially, ethics are our guideline of what we consider right and wrong.)

In public relations and marketing, the primary goal is that those acting as an agent for an organization, their professional communicators, move the needle in some way. In PR, that might be press mentions, or blog posts, or publicity through speaking at conferences. In marketing, the projects can be more complex, or more indirect, but all relate to getting some other lever or number somewhere to move. There are nuanced and personable ways to do this, and then there are heavy-handed, let’s just call them SPAMMY, ways to do this.

You could do that. You could spam 10,000 people to get 100 positive results to show your client. But, as Todd Defren pointed out in the class, in the old days, those people used to have no voice, no real recourse that mattered or could be seen. Today? Everyone can blog. Everyone can put the word out that your organization is spamming them. Not only would it be less ethical to attempt to gain customers this way; it would be bad business.

Here’s the thing: Google remembers everything. And by “Google,” technically I mean the web at large (by which, I still mean Google, don’t I?). So, by extension, pretty much ALL business you do in social media can be “remembered” by anyone interested in what you’re doing, and where you’ve been, and what comes next. This, by the way, features heavily in Trust Agents, my forthcoming book with Julien Smith, but that’s a tangent for another time.

In a world where the entire space around you “remembers” your choices and your actions, do you have much in the way of an alternative but to operate ethically?

You Can Hide it For a While

There’s an entire mechanized side to the web. If your firm gets my site onto the Digg home page, I’ll get tons more traffic than I normally get. If you orchestrate a complex way to build all kinds of links to my site, I’ll gain rank or authority or whatever system you use to measure relevance. All of this happens and can happen such that people can’t see it easily.

But people who understand these schemes can figure out if that’s what happened. There are trails back to actions. It can eventually be uncovered that your organization architected a false Digg campaign, a doctored Wikipedia entry, another stuffing of the votes in some Internet-savvy way.

We already have stories of people doing things wrong. Most of you in the space already know them.

Be Human or Else

This space will remember. That can feel a bit daunting, but please realize that there’s a world of difference between doing something out of ignorance, or in a weird situation, versus gaining a reputation as someone who performs unethically. If you’re someone on the rise and learning and you twinge someone the wrong way, that’s one thing. If it turns out you’re “that guy” habitually, it just won’t really fly well this time around.

I’m grateful to Steve Quigley for turning over his classroom to Todd and me. I had lots of fun, and I look forward to the opportunity learn from the rising stars of PR and Marketing, and to share what little I know in return. And besides, Steve bought us noodles for lunch afterwards.

And, for further reading, check out Steve Rubel’s post on ethics in social media marketing. Seems it was in the air today.

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  • Great points, Chris. Not only does the web remember everything but users are that much more savvy in the Internet age that we're in now. We're able to search (e-stalk?) for just about anything and everything, know which tools to use, and know which resources/people to tap into.

    It's simply too easy to find out just about anything about anyone and any company. Play it safe and do the right thing before it bites you back.
  • Meredith Dabek
    Hi Chris - great post. I'm in Prof. Quigley's class and thought you and Todd both offered a lot of great food for thought today.

    One of the thoughts that crossed my mind, in class and after reading this, was the murky ethics surrounding online reputation management. There's a good article in Time about it (link below) - apparently, if you've got clients or customers saying bad things about you online, you can pay for reputation management firms to create positive web sites, positive news stories for Digg, positive blogs, etc.

    What they don't mention is whether there's any disclaimer alerting people to the fact that you've paid for all this praise and that you paid for it because someone else said something you didn't like. If, as you've said, the space will remember, it almost seems like a wash -- the manufactured good stuff will be there, but so will the original bad stuff. So not only is it suspect to pay for positive online mentions, but the firms are suspect for promising a result that may not even work.

    http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,859...
  • @Meredith - wow, that's kind of interesting (read=scary). So I can pay people to say nice things about me? Of course, as I type that out, I'm thinking that it's silly to say that. Press are taken to analyst meetings and on little junkets, and are given gifts, and bloggers all the more. We're just never even clever enough to KNOW when we're being handled (sometimes, and that's a gross overgeneralization).

    Very interesting. And icky.

    I'm glad that you felt well fed by our blathering. Let me know what else we should've covered. : )
  • Looks like you had a lot of fun out there, Chris, and hopefully the new generation of PR students coming through can continue the "reclaiming of reputation" that the industry is going through.

    As a boutique PR agency owner myself, I feel there also needs to be a regulatory body. Unfortunately anyone can start a PR agency with no real recourse if you destroy a client's brand. Until we can actively have an authority in place to maintain order, ethic will continue to suffer.

    I wrote a post about this very topic, if anyone is interested:

    http://pressreleaseprblog.com/2008/09/23/where-...
  • I got here from Twitter, and I love this post, especially the idea about telling your family or reading it in the press. As a psychotherapist, I define ethics as what we need to do to feel good about ourselves, to feel that we're living a good life. In "Illusions" Richard Bach says "Live never to be ashamed if what you are doing is published around the world. Even if what is published isn't true. Food for thought.

    We're talking all things romance at the "Dr. Romance" blog
  • Chris,

    We are at a critical point in all advertising / PR / marketing activities. There is so much stuff flying around the internet and the media in general that any lines that once existed seem to blur further and further each day.

    People seem to find it easier and easier to let their moral and ethical boundaries "stretch" to whatever limits are needed for success. I think many don't even realize when they have crossed the line and essentially "sold their soul". I often wonder what I need to do to "make a name for myself". I have decided that all I can do is simply be myself, work hard and take what comes from that premise.

    If my kids someday read my "record" which consists of my online statements and actions, and they say "That doesn't sound like Dad" then I have gained nothing. In fact, I couldn't bear that loss for any amount of "recognition".
  • What I find interesting is that the combination of customers having a voice (and the Internet remembering everything has made behavior so transparent. While we eventually found out about bad behavior in the past (H&K and the Kuwait invasion come to mind), it took a while fort these things to come to light, by which time the damage was done.

    This is an extreme example: I do think (hope!) that there has always been a really small percentage of truly bad actors in PR. But transparency AND the social Web means that if the PR industry is to survive, it has to raise its game, big time, and learn how to be both persuasive and transparent.

    So what are we going to be in a social world? How do we balance the need to fulfill our obligations to clients (who, let's be real, are in the business of making money) with the values of the social Web? I think it's by focusing on what we do best: helping companies find their audiences and communicate value clearly to them.

    In a funny way, social media makes capitalism a lot more efficient, because it democratizes information.

    So the guys who have relied on spin and FUD are going to have to find a new game. The harder task is that companies are going to have to learn to engage in real reciprocal relationships with the people they sell to. That's not easy, but it's inevitable.

    So I think PR's role will be to facilitate that reciprocal relationship and helps it scale. There will still be strategy (more, perhaps) but less intermediation, which I think is a good thing.
  • Mary Wagoner, APR
    The Public Relations Society of America has a clearly defined code of ethics that each member of the society is expected to employ. Additionally, each year, every PRSA chapter is required to hold at each one program on ethics.

    Having said that, as was noted earlier, almost anyone can open what they call a public relations, advertising, or social media shop. Because of this,it is particularly important for clients to review the training, credentials, and references of the consultants they hire.

    We're at a time when anyone can get on the internet and say whatever they want about anything or anybody they want without, apparently, thinking they will be held accountable. Newspapers learned the hard way over the decades that the written word has great power and they were being held accountable for accuracy and fairness. I think in the natural evolution of social media, we'll see individuals held to higher standards...or faced with increasing lawsuits.
  • @Mary - a PRSSA leader mentioned the same code of ethics. It also seemed that the code wasn't exactly enforced, so it fell upon the practitioners themselves to say whether they were following appropriately. If that's the case, how valuable is that code?

    (Not intended as a sleight, but as a next part of the conversation.)
  • @ Mary Wagoner.

    This is something I cover in my post. The problem with the PRSA's Code of Ethics (and others like it) is that it is just that - a code.

    Although members of the PRSA are expected to follow and practice this code, there is no real recourse for not following it.

    Okay, so an agency or professional will lose their membership, but if they're so unethical that it causes them to lose their PRSA privilege in the first place, are they going to be bothered about membership? As I mentioned, unfortunately bad PR agencies can move on - a client whose reputation has been tarnished may not be so lucky.

    Until there are proper punishments and consequences in place regarding poor PR professionals, agencies and practices, our industry will continue to have the reputation it does. Unfortunately, no amount of codes will change this.
  • The need to determine and have all parties agree to what constitutes success is incredibly important. As Chris mentioned the social media equivalent of the old "smile and dial" doesn't cut it anymore. To get those 100 positive mentions you have angered 900 people of whom at least a portion will write about how you annoyed them, and most likely those posts will get much more Google-juice than the positive ones.
  • Well this is all very interesting, especially the evolving dialog on the Code of Ethics of the APR and also - maybe more so - the comment by Meredith on rep management and paid positive social mentions.

    I always considered what we do as a type of rep management - just the fact that people have blogs, social media accounts, and other web presence. I didn't realize it had also become a type of service performed for you by others.

    This seems a bit impure and scares me a little. Could all of social media become just a bunch of paid bloggers "putting lipstick on pigs"? How long would that take if these "service providers" take over? I am sensing a strangely parallel universe to the one where LinkedIn gets taken over by all of the recruiters and the LI game becomes simply one recruiter trying to recruit another recruiter from one recruiting firm to the other.

    Yech.
  • Mmmm.... bad definition.

    "If you don’t want to talk about it with your family at the dinner table, and you don’t want to read about it on the front page of the Boston Globe, it’s not ethical."

    How about "the great sex I had with my wife last night." I sure wouldn't want that to be dinner table discussion, nor would I want to read about it on the front page of the globe, but I sure as hell hope it's not unethical.


    I get the point though, but that's a weak definition, even for a simple one.
  • Richard yost
    A few thoughts on a thought-provoking piece (that I found through Twitter):

    I think a better guide for acting ethically is - would your mom be disappointed with what you are doing?

    Code of ethics or "honor codes" are proven to have a positive effect on people's honesty, so shouldn't be dismissed as worthless. Read Predictable Irrational by Dan Ariely for more on this. Punitive measures aren't the answer to cleaning up PR's reputation; each of us just has to act as ethically as possible so that we outweigh the bad apples.

    Shannon - your parallel universe isn't that hard to imagine. As long as stuff needs to be written, people will want to hire someone else to do it. Due to the community-based nature of the social space, it will be hard to have a paid-for presence that resonates with readers. This makes new tools like Twitter even more important, because it takes a real representative or true believer to be sincere in that kind of environment.

    Chris - thanks for writing stuff that actually gets people talking. I often find just as much value in the comments as your posts!

    Richard
    @ryost
  • Not just with marketing and PR, but with life in general. Karma comes to bite you in the butt if you act unethically. Good actions come around to help those people who do things right.

    Craig
    www.budgetpulse.com
  • Mary Wagoner
    @ chrisbrogan @ Danny Brown @ Richard yast

    As Richard pointed out, having a code of ethics makes members aware of what is acceptable practices and what is not. By definition, ethics are not usually illegal activities but rather a violation of a trust relationship or a corruption of the channels of communication.

    For example, if your client is a gun manufacturer and they want you to set up a third party citizens' group called "citizens against gun control", the code says it is NOT acceptable practice to do this without revealing that funding for this group (or to pay you to run it) comes from the gun manufacturer. Surprisingly, many people do not realize it is considered unethical to do otherwise.

    It is true that the only consequence to violating the code of ethics is to be banned from the Society. However, taking that down to the regional and local levels, it also means a loss of reputation and trust. Let's face, other PR people in the community will know what's going on. For a business or a PR practitioner, once you've lost your reputation, you've lost it all.
  • @ Mary Wagoner.

    Sorry, I'd have to disagree slightly (although I see your view). The unethical PR practitioners won't care about their reputation and trust (they're unethical, why should they?). All they need do is come up with another business name and move on. They also won't care about what other PR professionals think of them - after all, they're the competition, right?

    Particularly in the online world, there's no need for business registration so people will be unaware of problem companies or owners. With this backdrop, unethical practices will abound - false names as business contacts, no background history, etc.

    While larger companies and clients won't (or shouldn't) touch these types of PR agencies with a barge pole, it's generally the smaller businesses and clients that end up suffering with these unethical agencies and professionals.

    This is where some enforceable regulatory body needs to have actionable and worthwhile powers. Look at any director that's been found guilty of unethical behavior. They're banned from directing or running a company for a set amount of years, with jail time a very real possibility for continued abuse.

    Until something similar is in place for the PR industry, it will continue to be associated with lies, false promises and unethical practices. And I say that as someone who loves this industry and what it can offer when it gets things right.
  • Mary Wagoner, APR
    @ Danny Brown

    Danny, I do agree that there should be a regulatory body to at least require certain standards, as the APR national accreditation does.

    PRSA advocated for years that the profession needed to be licensed, as are attorneys or accountants, and took steps leading to this process, such as developing an extensive research body of knowledge. However, I'm not sure that is an active goal any longer (someone else may know) and until the profession invests in a lobbying effort, I doubt if it will be.

    Like directors, there are communications laws that PR people must adhere to, especially in communications on behalf of a publicly traded company or representing a foreign interest on American soil.
  • Great article. I am doing some research on Ethics in Social Media and I think you really hit the nail on the head. It was simple yet succinct.
  • I love this it is timeless - which is saying something with everything changing at the speed of light these days - the foundation doesnt, does it?
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